Implementación y construcción de un banco de pruebas para bombas de inyección lineales de tipo mecánica y sentido de giro horario

Abstract

El banco de pruebas para bombas de inyección diesel lineales de tipo mecánica con sentido de giro horario, tiene como objetivo principal el servir como un referente didáctico en la calibración de una bomba de inyección. Encierra varias áreas como mecánica, hidráulica, eléctrica, estructura, entre otras; las cuales deben acoplarse y ayudar a que sea lo más parecido a un banco de pruebas real, sin que necesariamente disponga de todos los elementos que se requieren por la viabilidad del proyecto. La implementación del banco de pruebas fundamentalmente se basa en tres grandes subtemas los cuales se complementan y conforman un solo conjunto que trabajan simultáneamente para lograr el funcionamiento esperado. La primera etapa es la construcción de la estructura metálica, la cual está formada por planchas de acero y de latón, unidas mediante una serie de perfiles estructurales que ayudan a dar la rigidez requerida; la estructura tiene como misión principal servir de base o soporte para todas las partes que integran la mayoría de los sistemas eléctricos e hidráulicos; así mismo ésta base brinda protección, nos permite manipular y operar en un margen dentro de los límites de seguridad y prácticamente sin riesgos. Una parte muy independiente pero que se puede determinar cómo estructura es el panel de control volumétrico donde van alojados piezas netamente hidráulicas.

The test bank for bombs of lineal diesel injection of mechanical type with sense of hourly turn, has as a main objective, to serve as a didactic referring in the calibration of a bomb of injection. It includes many areas as mechanics, hydraulics, electrics, structures and others, which should be adapted and also helpful to be the most similar to a bank of real tests, without the necessity to have all the elements that are required for the viability of the project. The tests bank implementation is fundamentally based on three secondary topics, which are complemented and conformed in a single group, that work simultaneously to achieve the expected operation. The first phase is the metallic structure construction , which is formed by steel plates and brass, the ones that are joined by a series of structural profiles that help to give the required inflexibility; the main mission of the structure is to serve of base or reforce for all the parts that integrate the majority of the electric and hydraulic systems, also this phase offers protection, permits us manipulate stuff, operate in a margin inside the tolerances of security and practically without risks. A very independent part but that can be determined as structure is the volumetric panel control where pieces are just hydraulics. The second phase is the hydraulic system installation, that permit to direct the fuel (gas- oil) traveled through all the places that is required, that is why its necessary to minimize or annul the leaks; the system its constituted by several mechanical pieces, certain control elements and others that help the circuit connections. The diesel flow in the hydraulic circuit initiates in the fuel tank, continues for a filter that is directed to the hydraulics bomb which generates this movement (absorbs and expels fuel), in this way system pressure is elevated, the one that is measured by pressure gauges; its traveled through the injection bomb continues and expels fuel through the injectors, finalizing in the measurement tubes test.